Mulhouse Light Rail and Tram-Train: A Case Study in Urban Revitalization

This article examines the Mulhouse light rail and tram-train project, a significant undertaking contributing to the urban renewal of Mulhouse, France. The project’s scope extends beyond simply providing public transportation; it serves as a catalyst for economic development, improved urban connectivity, and enhanced quality of life. The aims of this analysis are threefold: to detail the technical aspects of the project’s implementation, to assess its impact on the city’s urban landscape and transportation network, and to evaluate the long-term sustainability and potential for future expansion. By exploring the infrastructure, rolling stock, signaling systems, and future plans, we will gain a comprehensive understanding of this successful example of integrated urban planning and transportation development. The project’s success offers valuable lessons for other cities considering similar initiatives, highlighting the synergistic relationship between efficient public transport and urban revitalization.

Project Overview and Implementation

The Mulhouse light rail system, spearheaded by SITRAM (Syndicat Intercommunal des Transports de l’Agglomération Mulhousienne), represents a substantial investment in improving the city’s public transportation. Initial feasibility studies, conducted between 1997 and 1998, paved the way for the project’s launch. Systra, a leading engineering firm, took on the project management, commencing construction in 2003. The first operational phase, opened in May 2006 by President Chirac, comprised two lines and cost approximately €248 million, slightly under budget. Soléa, a joint venture involving SITRAM, RAPT, and Transdev (operators specializing in public transport), manages the operation of the tram and bus services. The project seamlessly integrated the existing railway network, demonstrating a thoughtful approach to urban planning.

Infrastructure and Network Design

The Mulhouse light rail system utilizes a standard 1,435mm gauge with 750V DC overhead electrification. The two lines, each with double tracks, converge at the four-platform Porte Jeune interchange in the city center. Low-platform access ensures ease of use for passengers. The system’s aesthetic is characterized by the distinctive paired arches designed by Daniel Buren supporting the catenary along Line 2 stops and artistic installations by Tobias Rehberger on Line 1. Line 1 connects the city center to the SNCF Gare Centrale (main railway station), providing convenient access to regional and high-speed rail services, including the TGV Est (high-speed rail network) which offers a three-hour connection to Paris. Line 2 serves a diverse range of areas, including residential zones, suburbs, a university campus, and an entertainment complex. The design of the system showcases a commitment to both functionality and aesthetic appeal, reflecting a comprehensive approach to urban planning.

Rolling Stock and Maintenance

The Mulhouse tram fleet consists entirely of Alstom Citadis 302 vehicles, bi-directional, five-section units with 100% low-floor accessibility. The 27-strong fleet, costing €48 million, is sufficient for current operational needs. Notably, Mulhouse has also leased trams to other international operators, demonstrating the system’s reliability and efficiency. The fleet is maintained at a purpose-built depot near the Musée de l’Auto stop. This proactive approach to maintenance, along with the successful leasing of units abroad, underscores the system’s robust design and efficient management.

Signaling, Communications, and Future Expansion

The tramway employs conventional line-of-sight signaling, with automatic traffic priority for Line 2 at road intersections. The system’s control center is located at the depot. Passenger information is provided through visual and audio announcements at stops, integrating custom musical cues to enhance the passenger experience. Future expansion plans include extending Line 1 and integrating a tram-train system. The tram-train service will initially cover 20km to Thann Nord, with a long-term goal of reaching Kruth. This ambitious plan involves utilizing approximately 36km of existing SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) track, requiring infrastructure modifications, notably a spur line to connect the tram system to the 25kV AC-electrified SNCF mainline. An order for 12 Siemens Avanto tram-train units has been placed. This expansion demonstrates a forward-thinking approach, leveraging existing infrastructure to enhance connectivity and expand the system’s reach.

Conclusions

The Mulhouse light rail and tram-train project exemplifies successful urban revitalization through integrated transportation planning. The project’s meticulous implementation, from initial feasibility studies to the ongoing expansion, showcases a commitment to both functionality and aesthetic integration within the urban fabric. The efficient management of the project, which remained slightly under budget during its initial phase, is a testament to careful planning and execution. The integration of artistic elements, such as the Buren arches and Rehberger installations, transforms the system into a visually appealing part of the city’s identity, demonstrating that efficient public transport does not need to be aesthetically unappealing. Furthermore, the successful leasing of Mulhouse Citadis trams internationally speaks volumes about the system’s reliability and suitability for deployment in diverse contexts. The future expansion plans, particularly the integration of the tram-train system, offer a compelling vision for enhanced regional connectivity and illustrate a commitment to long-term sustainable development. This project serves as a model for other cities seeking to revitalize their urban environments through innovative and well-integrated public transportation solutions. The success of Mulhouse’s approach demonstrates the powerful synergy between efficient public transport and urban renewal, offering valuable lessons for other cities undertaking similar initiatives.

The following table summarizes key project data:

Company Information:

• SITRAM: Syndicat Intercommunal des Transports de l’Agglomération Mulhousienne (Mulhouse Metropolitan Area Intermunicipal Transport Syndicate)
• Systra: A global engineering and consulting firm specializing in transport infrastructure.
• RAPT: A public transport operator in the Alsace region of France.
• Transdev: A multinational public transportation operator.
• Soléa: A joint venture managing Mulhouse’s tram and bus services.
• Alstom: A multinational rolling stock manufacturer.
• Siemens: A multinational conglomerate that manufactures transportation equipment.
• SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français): The French national railway company.
• SBB (Schweizerische Bundesbahnen): The Swiss Federal Railways.