What is a Pantograph? (Railway Technology)

What is a Pantograph? (Railway Technology)
November 24, 2025 4:46 pm
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Quick Definition: Pantograph

A Pantograph is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train, tram, or electric bus to collect power through contact with an overhead catenary wire.

For a high-speed train traveling at 300 km/h, the pantograph must maintain constant contact with the wire without sparking or breaking. This requires advanced aerodynamics and suspension systems.

Pantograph vs. Third Rail

FeaturePantograph (Overhead)Third Rail
VoltageHigh (25kV AC / 15kV AC)Low (750V DC)
Speed LimitVery High (350+ km/h)Limited (~160 km/h)
SafetySafer (Out of reach)Risk on ground level