EMU vs. DMU: Understanding Multiple Units

EMU vs. DMU: Understanding Multiple Units
November 24, 2025 4:55 pm
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Quick Definition: Multiple Units

A Multiple Unit (MU) is a train that has self-propelled carriages, meaning it does not need a separate locomotive to pull it. Motors are distributed underneath the passenger cars.

  • EMU: Electric Multiple Unit (Powered by overhead wires or third rail).
  • DMU: Diesel Multiple Unit (Powered by onboard diesel engines).

Modern passenger rail is dominated by Multiple Units rather than locomotive-hauled trains because they accelerate faster and don’t need to switch engines at terminal stations.

EMU vs. Locomotive-Hauled Train

FeatureMultiple Unit (EMU/DMU)Locomotive + Coaches
AccelerationFaster (Power on many wheels)Slower (Pulling dead weight)
FlexibilityFixed set (can couple units)Flexible (Add/remove cars)
SpaceMore passenger spaceEngine takes up space